The quantum measurement system based on Rydberg atoms has subversive advantages over traditional measurement methods and is an important development direction in the field of quantum detection. However， quantum measurement systems need to optimize multiple experimental parameters to improve performance. It is usually difficult to use the direct optimization method of full-space parameter scanning in theory and experiment. By building a theoretical model of the quantum measurement system and applying the particle swarm optimization algorithm to the parameter optimization of the model， this paper can quickly solve the global optimal parameters of the system. The computational complexity is reduced by more than one order of magnitude compared with that of the traditional method. In principle， the particle swarm algorithm can be applied to any other quantum measurement system to guide the system to quickly improve performance and promote the practical process.